Imifanekiso ekhoyo ukuze ikhutshelwe kwiwebhusayithi ye-MIT Press Office inikwa amaqumrhu angarhwebiyo, amaphephandaba, kunye noluntu phantsi kweLayisensi ye-Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Non-Derivative License. Ubungakanani obufanelekileyo.Ityala malisetyenziswe xa kukotshwa imifanekiso;ukuba ayibonelelwanga ngezantsi, ikhredithi "MIT" yemifanekiso.
Iinjineli ze-MIT ziphuhlise irobhothi enocingo efana nemagnethi enokwazi ukutyibilika kwiindlela ezimxinwa, ezijikajikayo, ezinje ngemithambo yengqondo ye-labyrinthine.
Kwixesha elizayo, le robhothi intambo inokudityaniswa nobuchwephesha endovascular ekhoyo, ukuvumela oogqirha ukuba ukude ukukhokela irobhothi ngokusebenzisa imithambo yegazi ingqondo isigulana ukunyanga ngokukhawuleza blockages kunye nezilonda, ezifana nezo zenzeke aneurysms kunye nemivimbo.
“Istroke sesesihlanu kunobangela wokufa kwabantu noyena nobangela uphambili wokukhubazeka eUnited States.Ukuba imivimbo ebukhali inokunyangwa kwimizuzu engama-90 okanye kunjalo, ukusinda kwesigulana kunokuphuculwa kakhulu,” utshilo uMIT Mechanical Engineering kunye noZhao Xuanhe, unjingalwazi onxulumene nobunjineli boluntu kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ukuvaleka ngeli xesha 'lixesha lokuqala', sinokuphepha ukonakala kwengqondo okusisigxina.Lithemba lethu elo.”
UZhao kunye neqela lakhe, kuquka umbhali okhokelayo uYoonho Kim, umfundi ophumelele kwiSebe lobuNjineli boomatshini kwiMIT, bachaza uyilo lwabo lwerobhothi ethambileyo namhlanje kwijenali yeSayensi Robotics.Abanye ababhali bephepha bangumfundi ophumelele isidanga saseMIT uGerman Alberto Parada kunye nomfundi ondwendwelayo. Shengduo Liu.
Ukususa amahlwili egazi ebuchotsheni, oogqirha badla ngokwenza utyando lwe-endovascular, inkqubo encinci ye-invasive apho ugqirha ufaka umsonto obhityileyo ngomthambo oyintloko wesigulane, ngokuqhelekileyo emlenzeni okanye kwi-groin.Ngaphantsi kwesikhokelo se-fluoroscopic, esebenzisa i-X-rays ukuba ngaxeshanye umfanekiso wemithambo yegazi, ugqirha wotyando ke ngoko ngesandla ujikelezisa ucingo ukuya kwimithambo yegazi eyonakeleyo yobuchopho.
Inkqubo inokuba yimfuneko ngokwasemzimbeni, utshilo uKim, kwaye ifuna ukuba oogqirha botyando baqeqeshwe ngokukodwa ukumelana nokuvezwa kwemitha ephindaphindiweyo ye-fluoroscopy.
“Sisakhono esinzima kakhulu, kwaye akukho oogqirha botyando baneleyo ukuba bancede izigulana, ingakumbi ezidolophini okanye ezilalini,” utshilo uKim.
Izikhokelo zonyango ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezinjalo azinakwenziwa, nto leyo ethetha ukuba kufuneka ziphathwe ngesandla, kwaye zihlala zenziwe ngondoqo wentsimbi kwaye ziqatywe ngepolymer, athi uKim inokudala ukungqubana kwaye yonakalise imithambo yegazi. indawo eqinileyo.
Iqela laqaphela ukuba uphuhliso kwilebhu yabo lunokunceda ukuphucula iinkqubo ezinjalo ze-endovascular, zombini ekuqulunqweni kwezikhokelo kunye nokunciphisa ukuvezwa koogqirha kuyo nayiphi na imisebe ehambelana nayo.
Kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, iqela lenze ubuchwephesha kwii-hydrogels (izixhobo ezihambelana ne-biocompatible ubukhulu becala zenziwe ngamanzi) kunye ne-3D yoshicilelo lwe-magneto-actuated materials ezinokuthi ziyilwe ukukhasa, ukutsiba nokubamba ibhola, ngokulandela nje isalathiso sendlela. umazibuthe.
Kwiphepha elitsha, abaphandi badibanisa umsebenzi wabo kwi-hydrogels kunye ne-magnetic actuation ukuvelisa i-hydrogel-coated robotic wire, okanye i-guidewire, abakwaziyo ukuyenza incinci ngokwaneleyo ukukhokela imithambo yegazi ngokusebenzisa ubungakanani bobomi be-silicone replica brains. .
I-core ye-robotic wire yenziwe nge-nickel-titanium alloy, okanye "i-nitinol," into ekwazi ukugoba kunye ne-elastic.Ngokungafaniyo nee-hangers, ezigcina imilo yazo xa zigobile, ucingo lwe-nitinol lubuyela kwimo yalo yangaphambili, lunika ngakumbi. ukuba bhetyebhetye xa usonga ngokuqinileyo, imithambo yegazi ebuhlungu.
Ekugqibeleni, basebenzise inkqubo yeekhemikhali ababeyiphuhlise ngaphambili ukuze bagqume kwaye badibanise i-magnetic overlay kunye ne-hydrogel-izinto eziphathekayo ezingachaphazeli ukuphendula kwamasuntswana angaphantsi kazibuthe, ngelixa zibonelela ngokugudileyo, i-Friction-free, i-biocompatible surface.
Babonise ukuchaneka kunye nokusebenza kocingo lwerobhothi ngokusebenzisa imagnethi enkulu (efana nentambo kapopi) ukukhokela ucingo kwikhondo lomqobo lelophu encinci, okukhumbuza ucingo oludlula kwiliso yenaliti.
Abaphandi baye bavavanya ucingo kwi-replica ye-silicone yobungakanani bobomi bemithambo yegazi emikhulu yengqondo, kuquka amahlwili kunye ne-aneurysms, exelisa i-CT scans yengqondo yesigulane yokwenene. , emva koko kwenziwe iimagnethi ezinkulu ezijikeleze imodeli ukukhokela irobhothi kwindlela ejikajikayo yesikhongozeli, emxinwa.
Iintambo zeRobhothi zinokusebenza, utshilo uKim, oku kuthetha ukuba ukusebenza kunokongezwa-umzekelo, ukuhambisa iziyobisi ezinciphisa amahlwili egazi okanye ukwaphula izithintelo ngeelaser. banokukhokela i-robot ngokumangalisayo kwaye basebenze i-laser xa ifikelele kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo.
Xa abaphandi bethelekisa i-hydrogel-coated i-robotic wire kunye ne-robotic wire engafakwanga, bafumanisa ukuba i-hydrogel ibonelele ngocingo nge-advanteji efunekayo kakhulu etyibilikayo, eyivumela ukuba ityibilike kwiindawo ezingqongqo ngaphandle kokungabambeki. le propati iya kuba ngundoqo ekuthinteleni ukungqubuzana kunye nomonakalo kwi-lining yenqanawa njengoko intambo idlula.
“Olunye ucelomngeni kutyando kukukwazi ukutyhutyha imithambo yegazi entsonkothileyo esengqondweni nencinane kangangokuba icatheter yorhwebo ayinakufikelela kuyo,” watsho uKyujin Cho, unjingalwazi wobunjineli boomatshini kwiYunivesithi yeSizwe yaseSeoul.“Olu phononongo lubonisa indlela yokuwoyisa lo mngeni.zinokwenzeka kwaye zivumele iinkqubo zotyando kwingqondo ngaphandle kotyando oluvulekileyo. ”
Ngaba lo msonto omtsha werobhothi ubakhusela njani oogqirha botyando kwimitha?I-magnetically steerable guidewire iphelisa imfuneko yoogqirha botyando ukutyhala ucingo kwisitya segazi lesigulane, utshilo uKim. Oku kuthetha ukuba ugqirha akanyanzelekanga ukuba abe kufutshane nesigulana kwaye , okubaluleke ngakumbi, i-fluoroscope evelisa i-radiation.
Kwixesha elizayo elingekude, ubona utyando lwe-endovascular olubandakanya itekhnoloji yamagnetic ekhoyo, efana nezibini zemagnethi ezinkulu, ezivumela oogqirha ukuba babe ngaphandle kwegumbi lotyando, kude ne-fluoroscopes ebonisa ubuchopho bezigulane, okanye kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo.
"Amaqonga akhoyo anokufaka imagnethi kwisigulana kwaye enze i-fluoroscopy ngaxeshanye, kwaye ugqirha unokulawula intsimi yamagnetic ngentonga yovuyo kwelinye igumbi, okanye kwesinye isixeko," utshilo uKim. sebenzisa itekhnoloji ekhoyo kwinyathelo elilandelayo ukuvavanya intambo yethu yerobhothi kwi-vivo. ”
Inkxaso-mali yophando yeza ngokuyinxenye kwi-Ofisi yoPhando lweNaval, iMIT's Soldier Nanotechnology Institute, kunye neNational Science Foundation (NSF).
Intatheli yebhodi ye-Motherboard u-Becky Ferreira ubhala ukuba abaphandi be-MIT baye baphuhlisa intambo ye-robotic enokusetyenziswa ukunyanga i-neurological clots okanye i-stroke.Olu hlobo lwetekhnoloji ehlasela kancinci lunokunceda ukunciphisa umonakalo osuka kwiingxaki zemithambo-luvo ezifana nemivimbo.
Abaphandi be-MIT baye benza intambo entsha yeerobhothi zemagnetron ezinokutyhutyha ingqondo yomntu, intatheli yakwaSmithsonian uJason Daley uyabhala.
Intatheli yeTechCrunch uDarrell Etherington ubhala ukuba abaphandi be-MI baye bavelisa intambo entsha yerobhothi engasetyenziselwa ukwenza utyando lwengqondo lungabikho. izilonda ezinokukhokelela kwi-aneurysms kunye nemivimbo. "
UChris Stocker-Walker weNew Scientist uthi xa ivavanywa kumfanekiso wesilicon ebuchotsheni bomntu, “le robhothi iyakwazi ukugruzuka xa ivavanywa ngomfanekiso we-silicon wobuchopho bomntu ngenye imini inokunceda ekwenzeni utyando lobuchopho lungasebenzi. ukufikelela kwimithambo yegazi.”
Intatheli yeGizmodo uAndrew Liszewski ubhala ukuba umsebenzi omtsha onjengomsonto werobhothi ophuhliswe ngabaphandi be-MIT unokusetyenziselwa ukususa ngokukhawuleza izithintelo kunye namahlwili abangela imivimbo. ukuba oogqirha botyando ngokufuthi kufuneka banyamezele,” watsho uLiszewski.